Author First Name	Author Last Name	Email Address	Institution	Title	Abstract	Presentation	Discussion	Splinters	Session
Amy	Barger	barger@astro.wisc.edu	University of Wisconsin-Madison	Extragalactic Surveys	I will review our current understanding of the history of supermassive black hole accretion from deep and wide-area X-ray surveys. I will use these data to compute the growth of the supermassive black hole mass density and compare it with the locally determined values.	review	For debate: which do we need more, additional large area surveys or pushing as deep as possible?	Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	1
Volker	Beckmann	beckmann@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov	NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center	The INTEGRAL 20-40 keV AGN Survey and Luminosity Function	We have compiled a complete extragalactic sample based on ~25,000 deg^2 to a limiting flux of 3E-11 ergs cm-2 s-1 (~7,000 deg^2 to a flux limit of E-11 ergs cm-2 s-1) in the 20 -- 40 keV band with INTEGRAL. The flux-number relation is best described by a power-law with a slope of \alpha = 1.66 +/- 0.11. We present the first AGN luminosity function above 20 keV. The results are consistent with those derived in the 2 - 20 keV energy band and do not show a significant contribution by Compton-thick objects.	oral	- does INTEGRAL miss the highly absorbed (Compton-thick) AGN so far? - does evolution of absorption with redshift solve the problem? - is dependency of absorption with redshift seen in the Chandra surveys? - deeper surveys using INTEGRAL/IBIS and Swift/BAT are needed and currently on-going, but those surveys will only shed light on the low redshift (z<0.1) universe	Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	0
Niel	Brandt	niel@astro.psu.edu	The Pennsylvania State University	Deep-Survey Constraints on X-ray Outbursts from Stellar Tidal Disruptions	Transient X-ray outbursts from galactic nuclei are likely caused by inevitable fueling events of supermassive black holes when a star or gas cloud is tidally disrupted and partially accreted. They may be a primary fueling mechanism for moderate-luminosity active galaxies. We present new constraints on the rate of such outbursts, utilizing the multi-epoch nature of the Chandra Deep Fields. Specifically, we constrain outbursts with harder X-ray spectra, higher redshifts, and lower X-ray luminosities than in our past work. We also discuss future plans and implications for the Black Hole Finder Probe, Lobster, eROSITA, LSST, and JDEM.	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	7
Marcella	Brusa	marcella@mpe.mpg.de	MPE - Max Planck Institut fuer Extraterrestrische Physik	The AGN content of the COSMOS: the XMM-Newton view	The XMM-Newton wide-field survey in the COSMOS field (XMM-COSMOS) is expected to be an important step forward in the study of the physics and evolution of AGN, especially for what concern high redshift obscured quasars. I will discuss the survey strategy and the main scientific objectives expected from the full exploitation of the truly multiwavelength dataset available (including HST, NIR, Spitzer and VLA data). I will also present the most important results obtained from the analysis of the first year XMM-Newton observations. In particular, I will concentrate on the multiwavelength properties of about 1400 X-ray sources detected over an area of ~2 deg^2, and I will show a few examples on how the combined use of different datasets is crucial to fully characterize the AGN source population.	oral	Most important questions left to answer: - luminosity function of z>3 quasars: current samples, uncertainties in the extrapolation from lower redshift, how to increase the statistics, selection effects, problem with optical identification - role of AGN in galaxy evolution: how can observations help? statistics of AGN in high-z otherwise "normal" galaxies (EROs, BzKs, LBG etc.): need quantitative estimates	Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	7
Francisco J.	Carrera	carreraf@ifca.unican.es	Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (CSIC-UC), Spain	Obscured and unobscured growth of supermassive black holes from the XMM-Newton Medium sensitivity Survey	We report on the current status of the XMM-Newton Medium sensitivity Survey, where we have identified the sources responsible for 50% of the accretion history in the Universe. This sample outnumbers previous medium X-ray surveys. We will discuss source counts, angular clustering, identifications, and X-ray spectral properties. Unobscured objects still dominate at these fluxes, but obscured sources become increasingly important at fainter fluxes. The X-ray-to-Optical flux ratio appears to be a good (but not perfect) discriminant between obscured and unobscured objects. Preliminary results confirm the presence of Fe-K emission in the stacked X-ray spectra of obscured and unobscured AGN.	oral	Questions: - Relation between AGN and galaxy formation - Fraction of obscured/Compton thick AGN - Cosmological evolution of obscured/unobscured AGN Further surveys: - All sky in 2-10 keV Science/methods: - Statistical identifications Debated: - All of the above	Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	2
Francesca	Civano	francesca.civano@bo.astro.it	INAF--OAB & Bologna University	Multiwavelength properties of elusive AGNs: X-EROs and XBONGs	Extensive programs of follow--up observations of sources detected in both deep and shallow X--ray survey (Chandra Deep Fields, HELLAS2XMM and COSMOS) have revealed a complex nature for the hard X--ray source population. The large database of these surveys offers a unique possibility to select statistically relevant samples of AGN characterized by extreme properties either in the X--rays or in the optical/near--infrared bands or boths, and to investigate their multiwavelength spectral energy distributions (SEDs). I will present the results of a multiwavelength study of X--ray sources selected on the basis of their extreme X-ray to optical properties, i.e. X-ray bright Optically Normal Galaxies (XBONGs) and X-ray emitting Extremely Red Objects (X-EROs). I will also discuss the results about the SED fitting and the morphological analysis of Quasar host galaxies for both classes of sources.	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: Cluster Formation and Evolution	2
Alison	Coil	acoil@as.arizona.edu	University of Arizona	Clustering of AGN and QSOs at z=1	Using galaxies from the DEEP2 Redshift Survey and AGN from the AEGIS/Chandra survey and QSOs from SDSS, I present the cross-correlation function of AGN/QSOs and 'normal' galaxies at z=1. Using the known clustering of DEEP2 galaxies, this leads to an estimate of the bias and typical host dark matter halo mass of AGN/QSOs as a function of X-ray luminosity, which constrains AGN formation models.	oral	Are AGN really created/fueled by mergers and what evidence do we have for that?	Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	4
Andrea	Comastri	andrea.comastri@oabo.inaf.it	INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna	Everything you always wanted to know about X-Ray Background but were afraid to ask	After a review of AGN synthesis models for the XRB I will discuss the multiwavelength properties of the XRB sources with special emphasis on peculiar/extreme objects such as EROs EXOs XBONG and Compton Thick AGN. The wavelength dependence of selection criteria to obtain an almost complete census of accreting SMBH will be critically discussed.	review		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	7
Jennifer	Donley	jdonley@as.arizona.edu	University of Arizona	X-ray Properties of Spitzer-Selected AGN	Hard X-ray selection is generally considered the most efficient and complete way to select AGN. Even the deepest X-ray surveys, however, can miss heavily obscured AGN, which are predicted in significant numbers by models of the X-ray background. We present results of a Spitzer mid-infrared search for AGN in the Chandra Deep Field-North. Approximately 50% of the Spitzer-selected AGN are not readily detected in the X-ray, suggesting that they are either highly obscured or intrinsically X-ray weak. We discuss the properties of this AGN sample and its relation to the X-ray--selected population.	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	2
Megan	Eckart	eckart@srl.caltech.edu	Caltech	Recent Results from the SEXSI Survey: Comparison of AGN Selected by Chandra and Spitzer	We present the mid-IR properties and SEDs of spectroscopically-confirmed hard X-ray sources from five moderately-deep (50 - 200 ks) Chandra fields. These sources, identified in the SEXSI (Serendipitous Extragalactic X-ray Source Identification) survey, include (1) X-ray luminous, narrow-lined quasars; (2) X-ray bright, optically-normal galaxies (sources which appear inactive at optical wavelengths but reveal the presence of an active nucleus at X-ray energies); and (3) optically-faint X-ray sources which currently lack spectroscopic classification and are likely to be either at high-redshift, or heavily-obscured. In addition, we investigate the X-ray properties of mid-IR-selected AGN by performing a stacking analysis of sources undetected in X-rays in the Spitzer fields.	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	2
Martin	Elvis	elvis@cfa.harvard.edu	Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics	1. The Chandra COSMOS Survey 2. Compton-thick & Compton-thin AGN: Two different origins	1. The Chandra COSMOS Survey has just been approved as a Very Large Program for Cycle 8. C-COSMOS surveys the central square degree of the COSMOS field to 200ksec depth, a total of 1.8Ms. The survey science and strategy will be discussed. 2. Evidence that Compton-thick and Compton-thin obscured AGN have two physically different origins on different scales are presented and the implications for surveys and AGN evolution are discussed.	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	9
Taotao	Fang	fangt@astro.berkeley.edu	UCB	Chandra Observation of DEEP2 Galaxy Groups and Clusters	I will present a 200 ksec Chandra observation of seven spectroscopically selected, high redshift (0.75 < z < 1.03) galaxy groups and clusters discovered by the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey in the Extended Groth Strip (EGS).	oral		Monday: 'Normal' Galaxies, Tuesday: Cluster Formation and Evolution	5
Alexis	Finoguenov	alexis@jca.umbc.edu	UMBC/MPE	Statistics of galaxy groups in ultradeep XMM surveys.	We discuss the results of the X-ray search and optical identification of galaxy groups in several ultradeep XMM fields: COSMOS, SXDS/UDS, CDFS and CDFN, detecting a total number of 200 of groups and clusters of galaxies with identifications achieving a z of 1.5. A statistical description of the survey in terms of the cumulative log(N>S)-log(S) distribution compares well with the previous results, although yielding a somewhat higher number of clusters at similar fluxes. For the probed luminosity range of 8e42-2e44 ergs/s, these surveys are in agreement with and adds significantly to the existing data on the cluster luminosity function at high redshifts and implies no substantial evolution at these luminosities to z=1.3.	oral	Ultradeep (equivalent to 1Ms Chandra) surveys need to be extended on the areas with best NIR data. This will bring-up the population of groups and clusters at z>1.2, important both for galaxy evolution and for constraining the faint end of the cluster luminosity function at z>1.2. XMM-Newton could provide a path-finder for those surveys.	Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: Groups and Interactions	5
Fabrizio	Fiore	fiore@oa-roma.inaf.it	INAF-OAR	The multiwavelength survey of the ELAIS-S1 field	X-ray, optical and infrared observations are needed to provide a full census of AGN. They can be used to select samples of today still elusive Comptonthick AGNs. Deep surveys in these three wide bands are a key ingredient to obtain an unbiased AGN "bolometric" luminosity function. The central 0.6deg2 region of the ELAIS-S1 field is one of the few fields with deep X-ray (XMM, Chandra), optical (B,V,R,I,z, VLT-VIMOS and FORS2 spectroscopy), near infrared (J,K) and mid-infrared (IRAC, MIPS) coverage. It is therefore particularly well suited to test strategies to find both unobscured and moderately obscured AGN shining in X-rays and highly obscured AGN with faint X-ray emission but shining in the infrared. These strategies will then be applied on wider fields like the COSMOS field as soon the Spitzer and Chandra coverages will be ultimated.	oral		Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	7
Willam	Forman	wrf9112@gmail.com	Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory - CFA	XBONGS in the XBootes Field	X-ray Bright Optically Normal Galaxies (XBONGS) have X-ray luminosities characteristic of accretion onto a SMBH, but lack the optical emission lines generally expected for AGN. We have analyzed a sample of 258 XBONGS detected in the XBootes Survey using X-ray, optical, infrared and radio observations. We find that XBONGS are not a single class of object, but fall into four categories -- red early-type galaxies, blue ellipticals, spiral/irregular galaxies and galaxies with AGN colors. We compare the luminosities, colors, X-ray spectra, and Eddington ratios of the XBONGS with those of narrow and broad-line AGN.	oral		Monday: 'Normal' Galaxies, Tuesday: Groups and Interactions	2
Stephan	Frank	frank@astronomy.ohio-state.edu	The Ohio State University, Department of Astronomy	The sources of the CFD-N - classification schemes, absorption estimates and broadband SEDs	We have developed a classification scheme for the sources of the CDF-N with known redshifts based upon the visual appearance of their broadband SEDs. The observed X-ray column density distribution for the complete sample of AGN shows a significant rise of the number of sources with NH > E22.5 cm-2 when we include objects fainter than f(0.5-8.0) keV = 3.0E-15 erg s-1 cm-2. We argue that the ratio of X-ray absorbed to unabsorbed AGN remains constant with redshift, but not with luminosity. The comparison of the X-ray column density estimates with NH, obtained by fits to the broadband NIR-UV SEDs, validates our classification scheme, and allows for placing constraints on unification models.	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: Groups and Interactions	2
Antonis	Georgakakis	age@ic.ac.uk	Imperial College	The environment of AGN at z~1	I will present results on the environment of X-ray selected AGN at z~1 using data from the Extended Groth strip International Survey (AEGIS) which combines (among others) deep (200ks per field) wide-area (0.5deg2) Chandra observations with extensive optical spectroscopy to R~24mag. The 3-D information is exploited to quantify the local density in the vicinity of an X-ray source by measuring the projected surface density of galaxies within a radius defined by the 3rd nearest neighbour. The main result is that X-ray selected AGN at z~1 avoid underdense regions at the 99.89% confidence level. Moreover, although the overall AGN population shares the same (rich) environment with optical galaxies of similar U-B and M_B, there is also tentative evidence (96%) that AGN with blue host-galaxy colors (U-B<1) reside in denser environments compared to optical galaxies. The results above can be understood as a consequence of the whereabouts of massive galaxies, capable of hostin! g supermassive black holes at their centers, with available cold gas reservoirs, the fuel for AGN activity. At z~1 an increasing fraction of such systems are found in dense regions.	oral	AGN/host-galaxy co-evolution Link between AGN and environment differences among AGN samples selected at different wavelengths, e.g. IR, X-ray, optical	Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	4
Marat	Gilfanov	gilfanov@mpa-garching.mpg.de	MPA, Garching	X-ray binaries and CXB.	We discuss contribution of X-ray binaries to the Cosmic X-ray Background. We show that given the cosmic star formation history and Lx-SFR relation for high-mass X-ray binaries, their contribution to the CXB energy flux in the 2-10 keV band can be as large as ~5%. A similar estimate for low-mass X-ray binaries gives an upper limit of a few per cent.	oral		Monday: 'Normal' Galaxies, Tuesday: Cluster Formation and Evolution	1
Roberto	Gilli	roberto.gilli@bo.astro.it	INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna	The spatial clustering of X-ray selected AGN	We discuss the 3D clustering properties of AGN selected by X-ray surveys with different area and sensitivity. The measurements performed in the 0.1 deg2 Chandra Msec Fields are compared with those obtained in the 0.4 deg2 CLASXS and 81 deg2 NEP surveys. We also present preliminary results on the spatial clustering of ~300 AGN selected in the 2 deg2 XMM-COSMOS field, where a highly significant (~8sigma) clustering signal has been detected. The issue of cosmic variance is discussed. Finally, we investigate the relation between AGN clustering amplitude vs X-ray luminosity, redshift and obscuration.	oral	I think an important issue to discuss is the XLF and evolution of obscured AGN, particularly of Compton-thick sources. These are particularly relevant to understand the CXRB and compute the relic SMBH mass function. Another important issue is explore is the relation between AGN clustering and AGN luminosity, redshift and obscuration, which would tell us how these objects form and evolve in the cosmic web.	Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	4
Josh	Grindlay	josh@cfa.harvard.edu	Harvard	BAT Slew Survey (BATSS): Extending GRBs and AGN Flares to EXIST	We are implementing a survey using Swift/BAT event mode data from the ~60 "target slews" per day vs. the previously available ~3 GRB slews per week. This will increase BAT coverage and sensitivity for high z GRBs as well as AGN flares. Analysis of available GRB slews shows that due to averaging of detector and sky systematics, the sum of slews are appreciably more sensitive than pointed exposures of the same total time. BATSS will search for short duration flares of AGN (~1-10h), as expected from Blazars, and test scanning coded aperture imaging as proposed for EXIST.	oral	-Need for future sensitive all-sky hard X-ray surveys such as EXIST. -Importance of measuring Type II QSO luminosity function for highest Lx -Variability surveys to establish or constrain BH mass (from PDFs)	Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	9
Ryan	Hickox	rhickox@cfa.harvard.edu	Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics	A population of mid-infrared selected, obscured AGN in the Bootes field	We analyze an infrared-selected sample of ~1500 active galactic nuclei (AGN) at redshifts 0.7	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	2
Tesla	Jeltema	tesla@ociw.edu	Carnegie Observatories	The Evolution of X-ray Luminous Groups of Galaxies	We have undertaken a multiwavelength project to study the relatively unknown properties of groups and poor clusters of galaxies at intermediate redshifts. The full sample includes nine X-ray selected groups with redshifts between 0.2 and 0.6, and our follow up includes observations with XMM, HST, Gemini, and Keck. The X-ray properties of these systems are generally in good agreement with the properties of low-redshift groups. They appear to follow the scaling relations between luminosity, temperature, and velocity dispersion defined by low-redshift groups and clusters. We also find indications of excess entropy in these systems over self-similar predictions out to large radii. However, the properties of the group galaxies, in particular the central galaxies, show them to be less evolved than similar groups at low-redshift. Roughly half of our intermediate-redshift groups do not have a dominant central elliptical galaxy (BGG), and three of the four BGGs contain mult! iple luminous nuclei indicating recent merging.	oral	I would be interested in a discussion of how large-scale structure formation (for example, cluster mergers and filamentary structure) affects observable properties. What can multiwavelength observations tell about cluster/group formation as well as galaxy evolution? In particular, what are the potential biases in the types of structures and indicators of cluster mass probed by ongoing cluster surveys in X-ray, optical, and SZ, particularly at high-redshift. Second, I would be interested in a discussion of when and in what environments the most massive galaxies in clusters and groups form.	Monday: 'Normal' Galaxies, Tuesday: Cluster Formation and Evolution	5
Christine	Jones	cjones@cfa.harvard.edu	SAO/CfA	Feedback from SMBH in Galaxies and Groups based on a Chandra Survey of Early-type Galaxies	Chandra images show the presense of shocks, jets, cavities and buoyant bubbles in the hot gas in galaxies and groups as well as in rich clusters. This paper will describe the effects of outbursts and the X-ray luminosities of LLAGN from a Chandra survey of 160 early-type galaxies. We find that 80 percent of galaxies have detected X-ray emission from their nuclei and that about 30 percent have detected cavities in the X-ray gas, while in two galaxies, the outbursts have removed much of the expected gaseous halos.	oral	Discussion of Generating and sharing multi-wavelength catalogs for survey fields (possibly set-up working group on this)	Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	5
Almus	Kenter	akenter@cfa.harvard.edu	SAO	Large scale structure in the Xbootes survey	We present results from the XBootes survey. This survey consists of 126 separate Chandra ACIS-~I observations each of approximately 5000 seconds in duration. The observations comprise a field of view of ~ 9 degree sq and are part of the multi-wavelength NOAO Deep Wide Field Survey (NDWFS). 3293 x-ray sources have been detected with flux~\geq 8X E-15 (0.5-7~keV). These X-ray data are combined with optical observations and the combined data set is observed with the multi-fiber spectrograph (HECTOSPEC) as part of the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (AGES). We present results on large scale structure, redshift distribution, and the three dimensional 2-point correlation.	oral		Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	4
Anton	Koekemoer	koekemoe@stsci.edu	Space Telescope Science Institute	Probing AGN Populations beyond Redshifts 6 - 7 using Large X-ray Surveys	The advent of deep and wide multi-wavelength surveys provides unprecedented new opportunities to search for very high redshift active galactic nuclei by constructing samples of sources that are detected at X-ray wavelengths but completely undetected at optical wavelengths to very deep limits. I will describe recent work on constructing samples of candidate AGN at or beyond redshift 6 - 7, such as the `EXO's selected from deep multiband X-ray/HST/IR surveys such as GOODS, COSMOS and similar projects. The optical flux limits are combined with IR detections, together with X-ray fluxes, to model the spectral energy distributions of the sources and help discriminate intermediate-redshift interlopers from the rare number of likely high-redshift sources. The resulting constraints on the number of candidate AGN at or above redshift 7 are used to examine the evolution of the AGN luminosity function at high redshift, with corresponding implications for the co-evolution of ga! laxies and their central black holes.	oral		Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	1
Mirko	Krumpe	mkrumpe@aip.de	Astrophysical Institute of Potsdam, Germany	The XMM-Newton Survey in the Marano Field	We report on a medium deep XMM-Newton survey of the Marano field and optical follow-up observations. With a total of 110 identifications in our core sample we reach a completeness of ~65\%. A fraction of 30\% of the XMM-Newton sources are identified as type II AGN with redshifts mostly below 1.0. We estimate absorbing column densities and show that the ratio of absorbed to unabsorbed objects is significantly higher for type II AGN than for type I AGN. However, we find a few unabsorbed type II AGN and significant number of heavily absorbed type I AGN, mostly at high redshifts.	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	2
Mark	Lacy	mlacy@ipac.caltech.edu	Spitzer Science Center, Caltech	X-ray properties of Spitzer-selected type-2 quasars	Spitzer surveys are now finding many examples of obscured quasars. However, X-ray follow-up of these objects has been minimal, principally because a significant amount of exposure time (10-100ks) is needed to detect these objects, even those with relatively bright mid-infrared fluxes of several mJy at 24mu. Nevertheless, the presence of such a population has important implications for models of the hard X-ray background. I will present results for a subsample of 20 mid-infrared selected AGN in the SWIRE/XMM field, which demonstrate that a large fraction of obscured quasars have high X-ray absorption columns, and are likely to be Compton thick.	oral	I would be interested in seeing some discussion on the need (or otherwise) to follow-up obscured AGN detected in surveys other than X-ray (e.g. Spitzer, SDSS). Although this is expensive in X-ray time (either as a survey of e.g. a Spitzer field, or as a large number of pointed observations), these objects could be important for figuring out the nature of the hard X-ray background.	Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	2
Bret	Lehmer	blehmer@astro.psu.edu	Penn State University	The X-ray Properties of Early-Type Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South	We present X-ray stacking results from a large sample of z < 0.7 early-type galaxies within the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South region. We study separately optically luminous and faint galaxy samples, which have soft X-ray emission dominated by hot interstellar gas and low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), respectively. We observe no significant evolution in the X-ray emission from our optically luminous samples, which we attribute to intermittent heating of the hot interstellar gas (possibly from AGNs). For our optically faint samples we find suggestive evidence for evolution, possibly due to changes in LMXB populations.	oral		Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution	0
Andisheh	Mahdavi	amahdavi@uvic.ca	University of Victoria	JACO: Simultaneous X-ray, Sunyaev-Zeldovich, and Weak Lensing Modeling of Relaxed Clusters	I will discuss a method for the Joint Analysis of Cluster Observations. By combining measurements of the X-ray spectrum, gravitational lensing shear, and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich decrement for the same cluster, JACO yields powerful constraints on the distribution of baryonic and non-baryonic matter in a relaxed system. Chandra, XMM-Newton, Cosmic Background Imager, and CFHT observations of the well-studied cluster Abell 478 yield a dark matter distribution that is shallower than standard CDM models. I will preview the application of JACO to the Canadian Cluster Comparison Project, a survey of massive, intermediate-redshift systems.	oral	We need a new, deep X-ray all sky survey. How can we join efforts to achieve this?	Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: Cluster Formation and Evolution	5
Vincenzo	Mainieri	vmainieri@mpe.mpg.de	Max Planck Institute - European Southern Observatory	NH distribution from deep and large area X-ray surveys.	We present a detailed analysis of the X-ray spectra of point like sources in the XMM-COSMOS field. Our sample includes 134 X-ray sources with more than 100 net counts in the [0.3-10] keV energy band and that have been spectroscopically identified. The majority (72\%) of the sources are well described by a simple power-law model, ~ 23\% of them show intrinsic absorption. The remaining ~ 5\% of the sources require a more complex modeling with additional components to the simple power-law. The average photon spectral slope of our sources is <\Gamma>=2.06+/-0.08, with an intrinsic dispersion of ~ 0.24. The distribution of intrinsic absorbing column densities is different among broad line AGN and not broad line AGN. We will complement this sample with the results of our X-ray spectral analysis in the CDF-S area (~0.1 deg2). 99% of these sample has either a spectroscopic or a good photometric redshift. We demonstrated that at least part of a still mi! ssing population of Compton thick sources can be accounted for in deep X-ray surveys when all the X-ray sources are included (thanks to the use of accurate photometric redshifts for the still unidentified ones). In particular 14 sources have a pure reflection X-ray spectrum, typical of Compton-thick sources (NH > 1.5E24 cm-2, which we can convert in a surface density as high as (200+/-50) deg-2. We will finally present our current best estimate of the intrinsic NH distribution of AGN coming from these two surveys, discussing in details the corrections for incompleteness we had applied.	oral	-AGN-galaxy interaction -population of absorbed AGN still missed from the current X-ray surveys and how we can detect them in the mid-IR or sub-mm bands	Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	2
Paul	Martini	martini@astronomy.ohio-state.edu	Ohio State University	AGN in Clusters of Galaxies	AGN in clusters of galaxies are commonly invoked to explain the absence of cold gas in cluster cores, although they appear to be substantially rarer in rich environments than in the field. I will present results from a Chandra study of eight low-redshift clusters that has systematically measured the AGN fraction in clusters and describe their spatial, kinematic, and host galaxy distributions. I will also briefly discuss their implications for AGN fueling, galaxy evolution, and heating the ICM.	oral		Monday: 'Normal' Galaxies, Tuesday: Cluster Formation and Evolution	5
Silvia	Mateos	sm279@star.le.ac.uk	University of Leicester	Statistical analysis of the X-ray emission properties of type-1 AGN in the XMM-2dF Wide Angle Survey	I will present the results of a statistical analysis of the X-ray emission properties of one of the largest samples of X-ray selected type-1 AGN assembled so far (>600 objects) from the XMM-2dF Wide Angle Survey. This study allows us to constrain the broad band continuum and intrinsic X-ray absorption properties of type-1 AGN and investigate their dependence with X-ray luminosity and redshift. I will also show how AGN population studies will benefit from the study of samples of objects selected from the 2XMM catalogue with both Sloan and UKIDSS data available	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	0
Takamitsu	Miyaji	miyaji@cmu.edu	Carnegie Mellon University	AGN Clustering and Environments in X-ray Surveys	Clustering properties and environments of active galactic nuclei provide yet another key to understanding the formation/triggering mechanism of AGN activities. I review the current status of AGN clustering and environment studies from X-ray surveys and discuss their implications for AGN formation/evolution and cosmology. Topics include comparisons among AGN correlation functions from various X-ray and opticl surveys, statistical challenges in the correlation function analysis, and the evolution of AGN clustering/bias with redshift. I further overview the implications of the AGN clusterings in terms of dark-matter halo occupation, typical lifetime of AGN activities, and cosmology. Future prospects are discussed.	review	How to best use remaining lifetime of Chandra and XMM? Prospective future missions and their role in X-ray survey science.	Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	4
Kirpal	Nandra	k.nandra@impeiral.ac.uk	Imperial College London	Survey Challenge	Chandra and XMM surveys have now resolved most of the X-ray background below 10 keV. While many of the important matters arising are starting to be addressed, almost all the important issues remain controversial or have large uncertainties. These include, but are not limited to a) how AGN activity evolves, and the accretion history; b) the fraction of absorbed objects and any dependence of absorption on, e.g. luminosity or redshift; c) the triggering mechanism for AGN activity; d) its relationship to star formation and galaxy evolution. Reaching robust conclusions requires careful data reduction and analysis, and proper consideration of biases and completeness. These issues and their implications will be discussed.	review		Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	7
Dara	Norman	dnorman@ctio.noao.edu	NOAO	Weak lensing selected, X-ray confirmed galaxy clusters \& the AGN closest to them	The Deep Lens Survey (DLS) team has identified a unique sample of galaxy clusters through weak gravitational lensing shear mapping (Wittman et al. 2006). Chandra X-ray confirmation of several of these clusters has serendipitously uncovered large numbers of X-ray point sources, presumably AGN, in the fields of these clusters. We have begun a survey to characterize these AGN; determine their redshifts, luminosities and distributions relative to the mass and hot gas of the cluster environment. This study will also allow us to test the validity of assumptions made about the formation and evolution of AGN in hierarchical structure formation models.	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	5
Marguerite	Pierre	mpierre@cea.fr	CEA Saclay	Cosmological modelling of the XMM-LSS cluster sample	We present the original construction procedure of the XMM-LSS cluster catalogue based on object classification. With more than 50 spectroscopically confirmed clusters to date (first 5 deg2), this constitutes the largest deep cluster sample over a single region. It reveals, for the first time, the group population out to a redshift of 0.5. The sample comprises also a number of clusters above z>1. The dedicated modelling of the survey selection functions allows the simultaneous cosmological fitting of dn/dz and L-T(z): the self-calibration era of cluster X-ray surveys is now open. Further prospects on constraining cluster scaling laws with our on-going multi-wavelength observations are presented.	oral	What are the most important questions left to answer? - the AGN type (cf unified scheme) vs density environment (clusters, groups, filaments, voids) Are any further X-ray surveys needed - what and why? - an all-sky survey at ~ 1E-14 along with an optical survey. What science or methods should be pushed hard and why? - photo-z What would you like to see debated at this meeting? - the time scale for the next X-ray missions	Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	5
Manolis	Plionis	mplionis@inaoep.mx	IAA-NOA, Greece & INAOE-Mexico	High-z X-ray AGN Clustering and Cosmological Implications	I present recent results of the high-redshift X-ray selected AGN clustering, based on the XMM/2dF survey. Using the luminosity-dependent density evolution luminosity function we find that the spatial clustering lengths, derived using Limber's inversion equation, are ~ 16 and 19 h-1 Mpc respectively (for the comoving clustering evolution model) while the median redshifts of the soft and hard X-ray sources are z~ 1.2 and 0.75, respectively. Within the framework of flat cosmological models we find that these results support a model with Omega_m ~ 0.26, \sigma_8 ~ 0.75, w~eq -0.9(in excellent agreement with the 3 year WMAP results). We also find the present day bias of X-ray AGNs to be b_o ~ 2.	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	4
Mari	Polletta	mcp@auriga.ucsd.edu	University of California, San Diego	X-ray surveys in the SWIRE fields	The combined capabilities of Spitzer, Chandra, and XMM-Newton provide a unique opportunity to investigate the properties of AGNs over large cosmic volumes. We present an overview of the X-ray surveys carried out in the SWIRE fields and report results from the Chandra/SWIRE survey in the Lockman Hole and the XMM-Newton Medium Deep Survey in the XMM-LSS field. The multi-wavelength SEDs of AGNs as a function of selection method, luminosity, and obscuration are characterized to asses AGN samples selection biases. The nature of obscured AGNs and their contribution to the cosmic X-ray background are discussed.	oral	- What are the properties (geometry, distribution, optical depth, etc..) of the matter responsible for X-ray absorption and optical obscuration ? - What triggers QSO activity ? - Is there a link between radio activity and accretion rate ? - We need surveys of well-defined samples that can answer specific questions.	Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	0
Trevor	Ponman	tjp@star.sr.bham.ac.uk	Birmingham	Cluster structure and feedback	It has been known for many years, from the slope of the X-ray luminosity-temperature relation, that the baryonic contents of groups and clusters of galaxies are not self-similar, despite the fact that cosmological simulations lead us to expect a high degree of similarity in their dark matter content. The origin of this difference in behaviour between dark matter and baryons lies in the extra physics - especially heating and cooling processes - to which baryons are subject. Hence the study of the structure of the hot gas in galaxy systems as a function of cluster mass and of redshift, can provide important clues to the physical processes which we understand so poorly, and also acts as a probe of galaxy evolution. In this talk, I will review the results from studies of cluster structure and scaling which bear on the thermal and chemical history of the intergalactic medium.	review			5
Gordon	Richards	gtr@physics.drexel.edu	Drexel University	Bayesian Quasar Classification on the SDSS Equatorial Stripe	We discuss the application of Bayesian techniques to classify quasars, identifing of order 1 million quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Photometric redshifts can be computed to better than 0.1 in redshift for the majority of the sample. Deeper coverage in the southern equatorial region allows for quasar selection to nearly i=22 and provides an optimal area for the next generation of deep-wide mid-IR and X-ray surveys. Science applications include using the quasar luminosity function to constrain merger models and determining absolute cosmic distances to high-redshift using baryon accoustic oscillations.	oral	The SDSS Equatorial Stripe has 25 epochs of co-added data, reaching much fainter than other areas of the SDSS. This area is also being covered by UKIDSS. I'm pushing for a deep Spitzer survey in this area. This region of the sky is a logical place to carry out the next wide-field X-ray survey.	Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	9
Norbert	Schartel	Norbert.Schartel@sciops.esa.int	XMM-Newton SOC, ESA	A new observing mode for XMM-Newton	When XMM-Newton moves from one target to another its cameras continue to observe. These observations, performed when XMM-Newton was slewing, allowed the compilation of a catalogue: the XMM-Newton Slew Survey. Reflecting these positive experiences, the XMM-Newton SOC started the development of a new observing mode, which basically is a slow slew- observing mode. The talk gives an overview of the slew survey, outlines the status of the development of the new observing mode and iterates the scientific potential especially with respect to large area surveys.	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: Cluster Formation and Evolution	7
Nicholas	Seymour	seymour@ipac.caltech.edu	Spitzer Science Center	Revealing the Nature of the Sub-mJy Radio Population with deep Multi-wavelength (X-ray/Optical/IR) Observations	Probing the exact nature of the faint (sub-mJy) radio population has been historically difficult due to the low luminosity of these sources. Using deep observations from {\it Chandra/XMM-Newton/Spitzer and the GMRT we are able to disentangle the AGN and star-forming populations for the first time, using X-ray spectra/hardness ratios, IR colours and radio spectral indices. We are able to examine the star-formation history of the universe up to z~2 in a unique way based on an unbiased star-formation rate indicator, radio luminosity. This work provides an alternative perspective on the distribution of star-formation by mass, ``downsizing''.	oral	The use of multi-wavelength surveys to investigate the star-formation history and the link with the formation of super-massive black holes.	Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: Cluster Formation and Evolution	0
John	Silverman	jsilverman@mpe.mpg.de	Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik	The evolution of supermassive black holes out to z ~ 5	We present a measure of the hard (2-8 keV) X-ray luminosity function of active galaxies to trace the growth of supermassive black holes out to early epochs. To do so, we have compiled a large AGN sample from published catalogs and the Chandra Multiwavelength Project (ChaMP) that significantly improves the statistics at z > 3. We discuss new analytic model fits that cover the full redshift range and enables us to determine the mass and accretion rate distributions at high redshift. We further address the improvements possible with current (e.g. E-CDF-S) and future (cCOSMOS) surveys with Chandra to improve the luminosity function at z > 4 and the low luminosity end at z > 1.5.	oral		Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	1
Aaron	Steffen	steffen@astro.psu.edu	Penn State	Extending alpha_OX studies to include the numerous low-to-moderate luminosity AGNs	We examine the luminosity dependence and evolution of the X-ray-to-UV flux ratio (alpha_OX) for a sample of optically selected, radio-quiet, non-BAL AGNs. Combining luminous SDSS AGNs (including the 32 most luminous SDSS AGNs) having pointed and serendipitous Chandra, XMM-Newton, and ROSAT observations together with low-to-moderate luminosity AGNs in the Extended Chandra Deep Field - South maximizes coverage of the luminosity-redshift plane and includes the AGNs that dominate numerically in the Universe. Our large, homogeneous sample provides quantitatively better constraints on the alpha_OX, L_UV, and z relation than earlier studies. Our data also suggest a non-linear relationship between alpha_OX and log(L_UV).	oral		Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	0
Gordon	Stewart	gcs@star.le.ac.uk	Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester University	Cosmic Variance From the 2XMM Catalogue G C Stewart, M G Watson, S Mateos, R Smith	Number counts from 2XMM serendipitous catalogue number counts are used to probe the cosmic variance at a range of depths and scales.The high sensitivity, wide-field and large sky coverage of this catalogue are ideal for this analysis. The results are used in combination with results from the deep surveys of Chandra and XMM to constrain the fluctuation amplitudes at a typical redshift of 1-2. Comparison with results obtained using other techniques can be used to investigate the bias parameter and how well for various source populations`light' traces the matter fluctuations.	oral		Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	4
Jonathan	Tedds	jat@star.le.ac.uk	University of Leicester	X-ray Variability in the 2XMM Pre-release Serendipitous Catalogue	We present an X-ray variability study using the 2XMMp XMM-Newton Pre-release serendipitous source catalogue to provide constraints on short time-scale (mins-hours) variability for ~10% of the point source catalogue, i.e. ~10,000 extragalactic X-ray sources - a uniquely large sample for such studies. Furthermore since up to ~30% of catalogued sources have been observed more than once we can extract further information on long-term variability on scales of months-years for thousands of objects. Time series and spectral products were automatically generated for all sources having total EPIC > 500 counts in the energy range 0.2-12 keV. To test for variability we used a Chi-squared test (suitable for binned data) with the Pearson's approximation for Poissonian data and excluded high background flaring times. We determine the short-term variability properties for a large AGN sample, selected via Fx/Fopt following cross correlation with e.g. SDSS DR5. We also highlight extreme longer term variables that might be candidate Komossa-type objects in which an AGN is swallowing stars.	oral			0
Paolo	Tozzi	tozzi@ts.astro.it	INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste	Spectral analysis of X-ray sources in the CDFS	Deep X-ray surveys are providing crucial information on the evolution of AGN and galaxies. We review some of the latest results based on the X-ray spectral analysis of the sources detected in the Chandra Deep Field South, namely: i) constraints on obscured accretion; ii) constraints on the missing fraction of the X-ray background; iii) the redshift distribution of Compton-thick sources and TypeII QSO; iv) the detection of star formation activity in high-z galaxies through stacking techniques; v) the detection of large scale structure in the AGN distribution and its effect on nuclear activity. Such observational findings are consistent with a scenario where nuclear activity and star formation processes develop together in an anti-hierarchical fashion.	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs	1
Ezequiel	Treister	etreiste@das.uchile.cl	ESO	The Evolution of Obscuration in AGN	One fundamental ingredient in our understanding of the AGN population is the ratio of obscured-to-unobscured AGN and whether it depends on parameters like luminosity or redshift. We have constructed the largest hard X-ray selected AGN sample, containing 2341 sources (1229 identified). We confirm that this fraction decreases with increasing luminosity and find that it increases with redshift. This is the first time that this is significantly detected using only optical spectroscopy. This may be interpreted as an evolution in the obscuration source. We calculate the integrated bolometric AGN emission finding it to be ~5% of the total extragalactic light.	oral	Do we still need more X-ray surveys? Deep? Wide? What do we still need to learn about the AGN population?	Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	2
Jack	Tueller	tueller@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov	NASA/GSFC	Swift/BAT Hard X-ray Survey of AGN	The BAT hard X-ray (14-100 keV) survey is the first complete and uniform survey of the whole sky not effected by absorption. The survey has detected >200 AGN with a low median z=0.03. Many of these are highly absorbed and have not been previously identified as AGN. The complete logN/LogS and luminosity function for local AGN will be presented. The survey also yields the spectral distributions and average spectrum for local AGN. Using Swift/XRT, we have 0.2-10 keV spectra for all the BAT AGN. The Swift spectral results are not consistent with the X-ray background without invoking strong evolution.	oral	Swift/BAT shows clearly that only very hard X-ray surveys (>20 keV) are complete due to the effects of absorption. Only a hard X-ray survey much deeper than BAT can accurately measure the evolution of AGN and yield a complete understanding of the history of giant black holes. This goal is within the reach of the EXIST/black hole finder mission.	Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: Groups and Interactions	0
Panayotis	Tzanavaris	pana@astro.noa.gr	National Observatory of Athens	The luminosity function and evolution of normal galaxies	We present initial results on the luminosity function and evolution of normal galaxies. We are using Chandra data from the deep fields CDFS-S and CDF-S as well as shallower data from the ECDFS and the XBOOTES. We are selecting normal galaxies using the following criteria: a) Lx	oral		Monday: 'Normal' Galaxies, Tuesday: Groups and Interactions	1
Alexey	Vikhlinin	alexey@head.cfa.harvard.edu	SAO	High-redshift galaxy cluster surveys	This talk will focus on the present status of high-redshift cluster surveys. The available data already provides interesting cosmological constraints, highly complementary to those from CMB and SN Ia. I will also discuss the prospects for future work with Chandra and XMM, as well as with the proposed quasi all-sky X-ray surveys and experiments using other techniques.	review			5
Cristian	Vignali	cristian.vignali@bo.astro.it	Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita` di Bologna	The obscured X-ray source population in the HELLAS2XMM survey: the Spitzer perspective	We present Spitzer IRAC and MIPS observations of a sample of eight high-luminosity, obscured AGN at z>1 selected in the 2-10 keV band from the 1.4 square degree HELLAS2XMM survey and characterized by extreme R-K colors (typically >5). The nuclear infrared spectral energy distributions of these AGN are computed using the K-band and Spitzer data, while the masses of the black holes are estimated using the local L(K)-M(BH) relation. By combining all the available information, the bolometric luminosity and Eddington ratio of these obscured AGN are derived and compared to literature results.	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	2
Sheng	Wang	wiley@phys.columbia.edu	Columbia University	Constraining Dark Energy with X-ray Selected Galaxy Clusters	Future surveys will yield thousands of galaxy clusters and can place precise statistical constraints on cosmological parameters. We use a Fisher matrix approach to quantify constraints in forthcoming surveys that will identify clusters by their X-ray emission. Non-cosmological parameters are simultaneously included in our analysis (self-calibration), which express uncertainties in the mass-observable relations. We find that by combining observables, such as the abundance evolution (dN/dz) and the spatial power spectrum (P(k)), degeneracies (both among cosmological parameters, and between cosmological and non-cosmological parameters) can be broken, and tight constraints can be obtained on (1) the evolution of the dark energy equation of state dw/dz and on (2) the mass of neutrinos. Combining cluster data with CMB anisotropy measurements by Planck further breaks degeneracies and tightens contstraints.	oral		Monday: X-ray luminosity functions and evolution, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	9
Mike	Watson	mgw@star.le.ac.uk	Uiniversity of Leicester	The 2XMM Catalogue And Early Science	The XMM-Newton Survey Science Centre has recently released the second XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue, 2XMMp. This is the largest X-ray source catalogue ever made, including more than ~ 150000 objects. The catalogue itself is also complemented by X-ray spectra and light curves for the brighter objects in each field (around 10\% of the total). 2XMM covers an area large enough (~ 300 sq.deg.) to provide large object samples and to reveal the rarest and most extreme objects in the X-ray sky. In this paper we will describe the 2XMM catalogue and highlight some early science results (and future potential) obtained by cross-matching with SDSS DR5 and the UKIDSS surveys.	oral		Monday: 'Normal' Galaxies, Tuesday: Cluster Formation and Evolution	0
Lisa	Winter	lwinter@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov	University of Maryland	Early Results from SWIFT's BAT AGN Survey	The SWIFT gamma ray observatory's Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) has detected a sample of active galactic nuclei (AGN) based solely on their hard X-ray flux (15-150keV) (Markwardt et al. 2005). With approximately 200 BAT AGN sources, and an expected sample of 400 within the next two years, the potential scientific gain from a multi-wavelength study of the first such unbiased (unaffected by absorption or dilution from starlight), flux limited AGN sample is great. We present for the first time XMM follow-ups of 22 BAT AGN sources. We present X-ray spectra and light curves as well as UV data for these objects.	oral		Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: AGN correlation functions, LSS, environments	0
Edward	Wright	wright@astro.ucla.edu	UCLA	Surveying for AGNs with the Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)	Active Galactic Nuclei are bright and relatively unobscured in both the infrared and the hard X-ray bands. The Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) will survey the entire sky in 4 mid-IR bands from 3.3 to 23 \mum. The 23 \mum band, with a required sensitivity of 2.6 mJy, should be able to detect a half million AGNs with a median redshift of 1.2 if the Hopkins et al. (2006) wavelength dependent quasar luminosity function is correct.	oral	What is the future of the Beyond Einstein program at NASA?	Monday: Type I and II AGN, Absorption, XBONGs, Tuesday: Cluster Formation and Evolution	9
Yueheng	Xu	yx12@star.le.ac.uk	XROA, University of Leicester	"Normal" galaxies sample from 2dF-XMM Wide Angle Survey	We present a sample of 72 "normal" galaxies selected from 2dF-XMM Wide Angle Survey and identify the origin of the X-ray emission from these galaxies. These "normal" galaxies are selected as having either absorption or narrow emission line spectra, X-ray-to-optical flux ratios log(fX/fR) < -1 and 0.2-12 keV luminosity log L_X< 43 erg s-1. We discuss the relative fractions of this sample "normal" galaxies which are ellipticals/groups, low-luminosity AGNs and starbursts.	oral		Monday: 'Normal' Galaxies, Tuesday: Groups and Interactions	0